Application Notes
Process-level white papers on specific coating applications: what our technology can accomplish and how relying on our 25 years of application experience pays off.
- White paper
Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO₂ Electrolysis
Copper nanoparticle and Ni-N-C catalyst inks on Sigracet 28 BC: ink formulation, 120 kHz starting window, loading math and acceptance criteria, with a downloadable technical white paper.
Read the white paper → - White paper
Ultrasonic Spray Deposition of Micron-Scale Alumina Films
Aqueous alumina suspensions sprayed onto Kapton polyimide and glass: dispersion and wetting chemistry, plasma activation, many thin passes with flash drying, and film thickness by mass balance, from a 2026 development program.
Download the white paper (PDF) → - White paper
Ultrasonic Atomization for Bio-Oil-to-Syngas Conversion
25 kHz liquid-feed atomization of bio-oil and methanol into a heated reactor for non-catalytic partial oxidation and entrained-flow gasification: the Colorado School of Mines and NREL study, its reactor and feed parameters, and the variables that govern atomizing viscous, reactive feeds.
Download the white paper (PDF) → - White paper
Ultrasonic Atomization for Direct Liquid Injection CVD
Precursor delivery without the volatility requirement: why droplet size governs vaporization, how frequency sets droplet size, the DLI-CVD, aerosol-assisted and pulsed-pressure MOCVD reactor architectures, the film systems demonstrated in the literature, and the engineering details that keep delivery reliable.
Download the white paper (PDF) → - White paper
Ultrasonic Electrospinning with a Focused Ultrasonic Nozzle
Needle-free production of sub-micron polymer fibers with a MicroSpray 60 kHz focused nozzle mounted tip-up in a high-voltage field, as demonstrated in Virginia Commonwealth University patent US 12,421,630 B2: the method, the setup, fiber-size results and configuration guidance for adopters.
Download the white paper (PDF) → - White paper
Ultrasonic Spray Deposition as a Scale-Up Path for Layered Hybrid Perovskite Thermal-Insulation Films
Taking the 2026 spin-cast extreme-insulator films to large areas and roll-to-roll: ink compatibility, the wetness-versus-evaporation balance, gas quenching and its couplings with an ultrasonic droplet field, heated-roller web design, swirl-gas quench control and a conservative starting window.
Download the white paper (PDF) → - White paper
Ultrasonic Spray Deposition of MXene (Ti₃C₂Tₓ) Thin Films
Why aqueous MXene flake dispersions suit ultrasonic atomization, what the published spray-coated and ultrasonically sprayed MXene films show (transparent conductors, EMI shields, antennas, solar-cell electrodes, membranes), a starting process window, and the open problems.
Download the white paper (PDF) → - Case note
Ultrasonic Spray Coating for Self-Driving Laboratories
How an autonomous lab scaled its discovered palladium recipes with a 120 kHz nozzle: flow rate, raster geometry, film thickness and conductivity, all from the published methods.
Read the note → - Process note
Ultrasonic Spray Deposition for Battery Materials
Why solid-state battery research is moving from sintered pellets to sprayed ceramic films, and where the high-temperature nozzle fits in the precursor-to-film route.
Read the note → - Selection guide
Choosing a Liquid Delivery Pump
Syringe, peristaltic, gear and piston pumps compared on accuracy, pulsation and chemistry, with the four questions that decide the recommendation.
Read the note → - Literature survey
Process Physics, Atomization and Film Formation Research: 59 Peer-Reviewed Studies (2001-2026)
The literature map behind the notes: 59 papers in seven application clusters, each with the process mechanism its papers share and a DOI link.
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More notes are being prepared
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